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O'Daniel, ed., James Baldwin: A Critical Evaluation, 1977.Trudier Harris, Exorcising Blackness: Historical and Literary Lynching and Burning Rituals, 1984. Baldwin's characterization also signifies upon the discursive treatment of black men as archetypal victims, for Baldwin makes Rufus “partly responsible for his doom” (Conversations with James Baldwin, 1989). Rufus remains a groundbreaking figure in African American literature as one of the few suicides.
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Only when characters such as Vivaldo vitiate society's restrictions can they enter “another country,” a metaphorical haven where love can exist. This bibliographic survey of works by and about Baldwin provides summaries of reviews and critical essays on Another Country as well as most of Baldwin’s other works. Rufus's spiritual deformity is symptomatic of an American ethos that constructs racial and sexual barriers. Ultimately, Rufus's multiple demons compel his suicide, which concludes the opening section. Because of society's constricting definitions of manhood, Rufus repulsed Eric's affection. In the figures of Rufus Scott (Another Country) and Leo Proudhammer (Tell Me How Long the Trains Been Gone) Baldwin created fragile characters shouldering the weight of what he saw as a cruel and. We also learn of Rufus's former lover-another southerner, Eric Jones. Leona becomes the receptacle for his racial and self hatred and goes insane.
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However, hegemonic oppression engenders an acute malaise in Rufus. It’s story is about struggling artists who face issues in their love lives among the many issues and complexities that take place in New York. The characters in this novel are from various backgrounds coming from different races and sexualities. This mastery story of desire, hatred and violence opens with the unforgettable character of Rufus Scott, a scavenging Harlem Jazz. Rufus also finds momentary solace with Leona, a white southerner. James Baldwin’s novel, Another Country is a story based in New York City in the 1950s. When Another Country appeared in 1962 it caused a literary sensation: among the storm of reviews the Sunday Times said: Let our novelists read Mr Baldwin and tremble. Ironically, Rufus's premature suicide catalyzes the other characters' physical and spiritual journeys.Ī fledgling Greenwich Village jazz drummer, Rufus symbolizes American and existential loneliness we first encounter him “peddling his ass.” Psychologically and physically eviscerated, he is rescued temporarily by Vivaldo Moore, his Italian American best friend. Baldwin based him on Eugene Worth, a friend who committed suicide like Worth, Rufus jumps from the George Washington Bridge. Arguably James Baldwin's most tortured protagonist, Rufus Scott of Another Country (1962) reflects the author's view of the artist as prophet.